The present article deals with introducing and critically studying the book Descartes Embodied: Reading Cartesian Philosophy through Cartesian Science by Daniel Garber. Garber, one of the most prominent researchers of modern philosophy and contemporary Descartes-scholar, wrote the book in 1980, and it was published by Cambridge University Press. This work has been released in French, yet there is no Persian translation available. It is a collection of articles written separately by author and published in credible philosophical journals. The unifying subject of the articles is the relationship between Descartes’ philosophical and scientific areas of interest. This article intends to introduce the author and covers the literary style of the book in English in brief. The article mainly addresses the introduction and critical analysis of the book itself, in two parts successively: form and content. This article intends to introduce the author and covers the literary style of the book in English in brief. The article mainly addresses the introduction and critical analysis of the book itself, in two parts successively: form and content.

A hybrid mesh generation method is presented to discretize the computational domain around complex aerodynamic geometries. The idea behind this hybrid method is to combine the orthogonality and regularity of structured Grids inside the boundary layer, the efficiency and simplicity of Cartesian Grids and the flexibility of unstructured Grids for development of an automatic, robust and fast mesh generation method. A series of structured layers is firstly generated around wetted surfaces. Cartesian Grids are then constructed using a binary tree data structure covering the rest of the domain. Those Cartesian cells overlapping with the structured Grids are then removed. Finally, unstructured triangular cells are generated to fill all empty regions in the domain as a result of the trimming method process. The developed method is used for calculation of a number of laminar and turbulent flow test cases. Results show that the presented Grid generation method can compute viscous flows with good accuracy and less computational time.

In this study, two-dimensional in viscid compressible flow is solved around a moving solid body using Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) on a Cartesian Grid. Translational motion is handled with a Cartesian Grid generated around the body which moves with body on a background Grid. In IBM, boundaries are immersed within the Grid points. In this paper solution domain is discretized using finite volume approach. To implement boundary conditions on immersed boundaries, a set of Ghost finite volumes are defined along the wall boundaries. Boundary conditions are used to assign flow variables on these Ghost finite volumes. Governing equations are solved using dual time step method of Jameson. Finally, numerical results obtained from the present study are compared with the other numerical results to evaluate the correct performance of the present algorithm and its accuracy.

Descartes found the main basis of modern thought. As a critic of modern thought, Gadamer has a critical approach to Descartes' philosophy. If we don't pay attention to this point, we can't understand many themes of Gadamer's philosophy. Descartes' epistemology is the origin of the idea of absolute human reason in the history of modern philosophy, from its perspective, one can achieve universal and certain knowledge and truth. Gadamer's thoughts on understanding and truth criticize this idea, i.e. this Cartesian approach in modern epistemology. Gadamer's criticism of the Cartesian approach of modern epistemology targets the foundations of Descartes' philosophy; e.g. the concept of absolute reason, foundationalism, certainty, and denying the validity of tradition. Here we will examine Gadamer's critical approach to these Cartesian themes and then we will try to ask the Cartesian problem of validity and epistemological justification from Gadamer and examine the possible answer derived from his works.

Cartesian ideas are often referred to both as philosophical views (such as dualism and rationalism) attributed to Descartes, and as ontological grounds in his philosophical theory of knowledge. In this article both aspects are exploited to reveal how they contribute to define the moral domain in differential terms by focusing on speech and action, and how they may be used to inform our moral commitments.

For a graph G=(V, E) of order n, a Roman {2}-dominating function f: V→E has the property that for every vertex v in V with f(v)=0, either v is adjacent to a vertex assigned 2 under f, or v is adjacent to least two vertices assigned 1 under f. In this paper, we classify all graphs with Roman {2}-domination number belonging to the set {2, 3, 4, n-2, n-1, n}. Furthermore, we obtain some results about Roman {2}-domination number of some graph operations.

A category C is called Cartesian closed provided that it has  nite products and for each C-object A the functor (A  􀀀 ): A! A has a right adjoint. It is well known that the category TopFuzz of all topological fuzzes is both complete and cocomplete, but it is not Cartesian closed. In this paper, we introduce some Cartesian closed subcategories of this category.

A subset $S$ of vertices of a graph $G$ is in general position if no shortest path in $G$ contains three vertices of $S$. The general position problem consists of finding the number of vertices in a largest general position set of $G$, whilst the lower general position problem asks for a smallest maximal general position set. In this paper we determine the lower general position numbers of several families of Cartesian products. We also show that the existence of small maximal general position sets in a Cartesian product is connected to a special type of general position set in the factors, which we call a terminal set, for which adding any vertex $u$ from outside the set creates three vertices in a line with $u$ as an endpoint. We give a constructive proof of the existence of terminal sets for graphs with diameter at most three. We also present conjectures on the existence of terminal sets for all graphs and a lower bound on the lower general position number of a Cartesian product in terms of the lower general position numbers of its factors.

In this paper, we investigate a problem of finding natural condition to assure the product of two graphs to be hamilton-connected. We present some sucient and necessary conditions for GH being hamilton-connected when G is a hamilton-connected graph and H is a tree or G is a Hamiltonian graph and H is K2.